“...than I am” vs. “...than me”

Question

I read an English grammar article in which the author talked about the correct use of pronouns.

He writes:

If the extended sentence is “She’s more likely to ask him than I am,” in which the comparison is between the subject and the writer, I is correct. However, if the intent is to convey that the man referred to as him is more likely to be asked something by the subject than the writer is, the correct pronoun form is me, but that distinction should be clarified with a revision like “She’s more likely to ask him than ask me.”

Before reading this piece, I thought that the two sentences had the same meaning. While the second example is quite clear for me (“She’s more likely to ask him than ask me”), I don't think that I have correctly understood the first one. Could anyone explain it to me, please?

Answer 1

This is a good example of why these sorts of pronoun choices are tricky.

It is also a good demonstration of why they are important, because in this case both constructions are grammatical and each refers to a different, but equally valid scenario.

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Let's look at the first:

She’s more likely to ask him than I (am).

In order to focus on the choice at hand without the confusing presence of other pronouns, let's say:

Gia’s more likely to ask Jim than I.

This means it's more likely that Gia will ask Jim something than it is that I will ask Jim something. Both Gia and I can be thought of as subjects in this case (we're doing all the asking).

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Then we have the second case:

She’s more likely to ask him than (ask) me.

Or:

Gia’s more likely to ask Jim than me.

This (as you know) means that, given the choice between Jim and myself, Gia is more likely to ask Jim something than she is to ask me something.

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The key distinction between the two is that choosing “I” as the self-reference in the sentence groups the speaker with the people taking the action of asking, and choosing “me” groups the speaker with the people who are hypothetical targets of a question.

Implicit in the author’s note that the “distinction should be clarified with a revision” is the fact that this is something that many native speakers mess up all the time, choosing between subject/object pronouns in a casual way and relying on context to convey their meaning.

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On a personal note, this is an aspect of English that my non-native-speaking friends and relatives have caught me doing wrong and corrected me on. Chances are, if you learn this well, you will outperform the average native speaker in selecting the appropriate pronoun.

Answer 2

"I" is a subject, "me" is an object. In other words, use "I" when you are causing some action and use "me" when something is being done to you.

For example: "I (subject) am going to the store (object). Would you (subject) like to come with me (object)?"

The excerpt you provided is a really good example of why this distinction is so important. If they were interchangeable the sentence would be ambiguous--am I less likely to be asked, or less likely to do the asking?

To see what is going on more clearly, let's identify the main subject and object:

She's (subject) more likely to ask him (object) than ___

Filling in the blank with "I" (subject) creates a comparison with the existing subject "she" indicating that we are less likely to do the asking.

Filling in the blank with "me" (object) creates a comparison with the existing object "him" indicating that we are less likely to be asked.

Answer 3

The easiest way is to split it into 2 sentences and see if they can stand independently.

Case 1

She is more likely to ask him.

She is more likely to ask me.

She is more likely to ask I.

So in this case 1 and 2 will hold good. The right formation is she is more likely to ask him than me

Case 2

He is taller.

Me is taller.

I am taller.

Here 1 and 3 hold good. So the formation He is taller than I am is correct