As a native english speaker (but not a language proffesional)

"Do you know English?"

This would be a perfectly reasonable way to ask someone if they know a language. "Do you speak English?" is far more common though.

"Do you have English?"

This is just weird, a language is something you know not something you have.

Googling the phrase reveals a bunch of results but most of them are the sequence of words as part of a larger sentence where "English" is acting as an adjective.

As a native English speaker (but not a language professional)

"Do you know English?"

This would be a perfectly reasonable way to ask someone if they know a language. "Do you speak English?" is far more common though.

"Do you have English?"

This is just weird, a language is something you know not something you have.

Googling the phrase reveals a bunch of results but most of them are the sequence of words as part of a larger sentence where "English" is acting as an adjective.