Both your examples are grammatical. The first (using the definite article) is more focused on current education systems, possibly in contrast to education systems that are not current.

In general, it is often correct to omit the definite article in front of plural nouns. However the presence or absence of the article will usually alter the meaning.

Both your examples are grammatical. The first (using the definite article) is focused on specific current education systems, and readers are expected to understand from context which ones.

Without the article the example refers to current education systems in general.

Using the definite article without any context is awkward because it makes it difficult for a reader to work out which current education systems are being specifically referred to. A reader may think that the writer will be contrasting the current education systems to other systems, possibly including education systems that are not current.

In general, it is often correct to omit the definite article in front of plural nouns. However the presence or absence of the article will usually alter the meaning.