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Plant is pronounced with a final /t/ (unvoiced), and planned is pronounced with a /d/ (voiced). In addition, in British English the middle vowel is pronounced differently.

Under no circumstances is -ed pronounced /z/. You can find out more about how -ed is pronounced in different situations here.

Note that a final /d/ may sound more like a /t/ to some non-native speakers, and this may also affect their ability to reproduce the sound correctly.

In any language, a particular phoneme may be produced differently depending on the context- what phonemes precede or follow it, and production rules vary between languages. In German, a final voiced consonant becomes unvoiced, in French many final consonants are dropped completely, and in Italian final consonants are uncommon.

Your perception of a phoneme, and your ability to reproduce it, may be affected by differences between the production rules of your own language and those of the language that you are learning.

There are several cues to distinguish voiced and unvoiced consonants. The main ones are:

• the strength of the release
• pre-voicing: whether the vocal cords are active before the release
• post-voicing: whether the vocal cords are active after the release.

In English, for a voiced consonant, pre-voicing usually only occurs after a vowel or voiced consonant, and post-voicing usually only occurs when followed by a vowel. The only reliable cue is that the release is stronger in unvoiced consonants. The absence of post-voicing after a final consonant may make a final /d/ sound more like a /t/ to non-native speakers: as a result, they may reproduce it as a /t/.

Plant is pronounced with a final /t/ (unvoiced), and planned is pronounced with a /d/ (voiced). In addition, in British English the middle vowel is pronounced differently.

Under no circumstances is -ed pronounced /z/. You can find out more about how -ed is pronounced in different situations here.

Note that a final /d/ may sound more like a /t/ to some non-native speakers, and this may also affect their ability to reproduce the sound correctly.

In any language, a particular phoneme may be produced differently depending on the context- what phonemes precede or follow it- and production rules vary between languages. In German, a final voiced consonant becomes unvoiced, in French many final consonants are dropped completely, and in Italian final consonants are uncommon.

Your perception of a phoneme, and your ability to reproduce it, may be affected by differences between the production rules of your own language and those of the language that you are learning.

There are several cues to distinguish voiced and unvoiced consonants. The main ones are:

• the strength of the release
• pre-voicing: whether the vocal cords are active before the release
• post-voicing: whether the vocal cords are active after the release.

In English, for a voiced consonant, pre-voicing usually only occurs after a vowel or voiced consonant, and post-voicing usually only occurs when followed by a vowel. The only reliable cue is that the release is stronger in unvoiced consonants. The absence of post-voicing after a final consonant may make a final /d/ sound more like a /t/ to non-native speakers: as a result, they may reproduce it as a /t/.

Plant is pronounced with a final /t/ (unvoiced), and planned is pronounced with a /d/ (voiced). In addition, in British English the middle vowel is pronounced differently.

Under no circumstances is -ed pronounced /z/. You can find out more about how -ed is pronounced in different situations here.

Note that a final /d/ may sound more like a /t/ to some non-native speakers, and this may also affect their ability to reproduce the sound correctly.

In any language, a particular phoneme may be produced differently depending on the context- what phonemes precede or follow it, and production rules vary between languages. In German, a final voiced consonant becomes unvoiced, in French many final consonants are dropped completely, and in Italian final consonants are uncommon.

Your perception of a phoneme, and your ability to reproduce it, may be affected by differences between the production rules of your own language and those of the language that you are learning.

There are several cues to distinguish voiced and unvoiced consonants. The main ones are:

• the strength of the release
• pre-voicing: whether the vocal cords are active before the release
• post-voicing: whether the vocal cords are active after the release.

In English, for a voiced consonant, pre-voicing rarely occurs, and post-voicing usually only occurs after a vowel. The main cue is that the release is stronger in unvoiced consonants. The absence of post-voicing after a final consonant may make a final /d/ sound more like a /t/ to non-native speakers: as a result, they may reproduce it as a /t/.

Plant is pronounced with a final /t/ (unvoiced), and planned is pronounced with a /d/ (voiced). In addition, in British English the middle vowel is pronounced differently.

Under no circumstances is -ed pronounced /z/. You can find out more about how -ed is pronounced in different situations here.

Note that a final /d/ may sound more like a /t/ to some non-native speakers, and this may also affect their ability to reproduce the sound correctly.

In any language, a particular phoneme may be produced differently depending on the context- what phonemes precede or follow it, and production rules vary between languages. In German, a final voiced consonant becomes unvoiced, in French many final consonants are dropped completely, and in Italian final consonants are uncommon.

Your perception of a phoneme, and your ability to reproduce it, may be affected by differences between the production rules of your own language and those of the language that you are learning.

There are several cues to distinguish voiced and unvoiced consonants. The main ones are:

• the strength of the release
• pre-voicing: whether the vocal cords are active before the release
• post-voicing: whether the vocal cords are active after the release.

In English, for a voiced consonant, pre-voicing usually only occurs after a vowel or voiced consonant, and post-voicing usually only occurs when followed by a vowel. The only reliable cue is that the release is stronger in unvoiced consonants. The absence of post-voicing after a final consonant may make a final /d/ sound more like a /t/ to non-native speakers: as a result, they may reproduce it as a /t/.

Plant is pronounced with a final /t/, and planned is pronounced with something between /t/ and /d/, but usually closer to /d/. Note also that in British English the middle vowel is pronounced differently.

When a final -ed follows an unvoiced consonant, as in looked, laughed and helped, the -ed becomes /t/.

When it follows a voiced consonant, as in longed, loved and barbed, the -ed is pronounced /d/, but it is quite a soft /d/: heading toward a /t/ compared to an initial /d/, as in dark. To a native English speaker, it is seems perfectly clear as a /d/, because that's the way all native English speakers say it, but to English learners, it might sound more like a /t/.

When a final voiced consonant is completely converted to an unvoiced consonant, this is called final obstruent devoicing. It is well documented in other languages. In German, the word Bild (photograph) is always pronounced /bilt/, and the word Zug (train) is pronounced /tsuk/.

Because it is only slight in English, most native English speakers don't notice it.

Plant is pronounced with a final /t/ (unvoiced), and planned is pronounced with a /d/ (voiced). In addition, in British English the middle vowel is pronounced differently.

Under no circumstances is -ed pronounced /z/. You can find out more about how -ed is pronounced in different situations here.

Note that a final /d/ may sound more like a /t/ to some non-native speakers, and this may also affect their ability to reproduce the sound correctly.

In any language, a particular phoneme may be produced differently depending on the context- what phonemes precede or follow it, and production rules vary between languages. In German, a final voiced consonant becomes unvoiced, in French many final consonants are dropped completely, and in Italian final consonants are uncommon.

Your perception of a phoneme, and your ability to reproduce it, may be affected by differences between the production rules of your own language and those of the language that you are learning.

There are several cues to distinguish voiced and unvoiced consonants. The main ones are:

• the strength of the release
• pre-voicing: whether the vocal cords are active before the release
• post-voicing: whether the vocal cords are active after the release.

In English, for a voiced consonant, pre-voicing rarely occurs, and post-voicing usually only occurs after a vowel. The main cue is that the release is stronger in unvoiced consonants. The absence of post-voicing after a final consonant may make a final /d/ sound more like a /t/ to non-native speakers: as a result, they may reproduce it as a /t/.