When "red" is followed by a noun, native English speakers will classify "red" as an adjective. If that noun is then singular (and the noun phrase is undetermined, i.e. has no definite article, indefinite article, or other determiner like "this" or "your" or something), then native English speakers hear the sentence as ungrammatical.
I hate red bicycles.
This one is grammatical because bicycles is plural. It is therefore like saying I hate bicycles
but with the qualification that the bicycles are red.
I hate red meat.
This one is grammatical because meat is a mass noun, meaning it applies to a quantity of something, not a single something.
I hate red telephone.
This one, like I hate red color, sounds wrong because telephone is singular.