Teachers plan well to challenge and meet the needs of all students.
I read this from a brochure about a school, and does "plan well to challenge" mean "plan well about problems"? I am not sure if "challenge" is used as a noun or verb.
The sentence is parsed as a parallel construction, not as a simple conjunction. In other words, the following is not the correct way of looking at it:
✘ Teachers plan well to challenge. Teachers meet the needs of all students.
Instead, the parallel structure of the sentence can be broken down in this way:
Teachers plan well to (challenge) and (meet the needs of) all students.
→ Teachers plan well to challenge all students, and teachers plan well to meet the needs of all students.
It means that teachers not only plan to provide an environment in which students struggle to overcome obstacles (they can't just be lazy about their education), but also plan for a structure that will be good for them.
Challenge is being used as a verb.
In this use the pamphlet means they intend to make a plan to provide a mental exercise that will not be too easy for the students so as to help them improve.