Imagine you are teaching your child about a process that is made of a few stages, for example, the four-stage life cycle of a bug. After explaining each stage, you briefly go over them. And to check the child remembers the four stages, you ask them to say/name the four stages.
I wonder if you could say:
Can you run them by me now?
If that is not natural, how would you ask the child to enumerate the four stages in non-marked, and informal registers?
The reason I am asking is that Cambridge states that
to tell someone about something so that they can give their opinion about it
and Oxford gives
(informal) to show sb sth or tell sb about an idea in order to see their reaction to it
While I heard the expression in situations where you would say it to ask someone to repeat what they have just said because you missed or misheard something as in:
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs
run something by ( someone ) (again)
to explain something to someone again; to say something to someone again.
• I didn't hear you. Please run that by me again. • Please run it by so we can all hear it.
Edit:
Is it different from Run that by me one more time?
In the animated movie Planes 2013, Dusty says "run that by me one more time" because he wanted to hear the long unfamiliar instructions again. I mean there are no opinions or assessment, only instructions to follow.
Maintain 1,000 feet. Intercept the 22 right localizer.
You are cleared for the ILS 22, right approach.
Roger. Heavy is sectored in behind you.
Dusty: Run that by me one more time.
Turn further left, heading 1-9-5. Maintain 1, 000
Dusty: Never mind. I got it.