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Google Search shows 765,000,000 results for "more than what". So, assuming that A is "standard" English, I wonder if B is really acceptable, or not.
A. I love English more than others do.
B. I love English more than what others do.
If B is acceptable English, are there circumstances in which we must prefer this one to A?
First, I'd be careful about using Google results to make generalizations about English. Google results will include pages like blogs (where amateur writers often don't even proofread their own work) and song lyrics (which don't always follow the rules of grammar).
It's better to do the search on Google books, which will return results from published works.
You can find several instances of "more than what" on Google books, but the usages are much like these:
History is more than what happened in the past.
What you gain is worth more than what you lose.
People can feel guilty when they receive more than what they consider they deserve.
You may want to start a negotiation by asking for more than what you think is fair.
In short, I wouldn't insert a what where it wasn't needed. In the "more than what" construct, what is actually a word that is tied to what follows. Let me write those four sentences again, only this time, I'll denote what the "more than" refers to in parentheses:
History is more than (what happened in the past).
(What you gain) is worth more than (what you lose).
People can feel guilty when they receive more than (what they consider they deserve).
You may want to start a negotiation by asking for more than (what you think is fair).
It's worth mentioning that none of those sentences would sound sensible if the word what was removed.
So, you might say:
I love English more than what other people are saying.
but, if you are simply comparing your ardor with the enthusiasm of others, you should say:
I love English more than others do.
If you wanted to sound uneducated you would choose option B.
It is not an uncommon expression, and completely understandable, but it really does sound uneducated.
The sentences you used as example have different meanings. In the first, you are saying that, among other people, you are who loves English more; in the other sentence, you are saying that, between English and what other people do, you love English more.
In your example, what is a relative pronoun meaning "the thing(s) that"; you cannot remove what without changing the meaning of the sentence, or making it not correct.
In the original question, B is correct. This is because "others do" is a phrase in itself. In the case of A, you could say "I love English more than others." or "I love English more than other people.".
