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I have observed that sometimes there are professions before names of people then "the" is omitted or used. For example:
The teacher Mark Henry will tell us more.
Psychologist David Cook will see tomorrow.
So, is it correct to use "the" before such structures, or both are correct?
Using "the" would be somewhat odd.
In a sentence like "The teacher, Mark, will tell us more", it is understood that there is only one teacher. It could be possible (for example if a police office, social worker and teacher were in a meeting), but it would be rare. (I've adjusted your grammar to will tell and added punctuation, based on what I think you mean)
Using "a" is possible:
In the sentence "A teacher, Mark, will tell us more." The name of the teacher is additional information, it implies that the main fact is that a teacher will tell us something. The name of the teacher is secondary. On the other hand "Mark, a teacher, will tell us more" introduces Mark, who will tell us something. That Mark is a teacher is additional information. In either case a relative clause could be used instead "Mark, who is a teacher, will tell us more"
Use of professions as titles, without any article, varies between dialects of English. It is less common in British English. I would not normally say "Teacher Mark"
Use of "Prime Minister" as a title is considered an error by many British speakers. It is a common Americanism to say "Prime Minister May", British speakers will more often say "The Prime Minister". Some job words can always be used as titles, for example: President, Professor, Officer, Doctor.
