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To convey contrary-to-fact or unreal situations, I want to change the following indicative sentences to the subjunctive. Am I doing this correctly?
I held the phone as if I was holding a bomb that could explode anytime.
I held the phone as if I were holding a bomb that could explode anytime.As I walked through the battlefield, it felt as if I was walking through quicksand.
As I walked through the battlefield, it felt as if I were walking through quicksand.
Your examples are correct, although the subjunctive or irrealis were form is optional. As BillJ has suggested, it is arguably a bit pointless or misleading to think of the isolated survival of the "were" form as constituting a full-fledged subjunctive mood. This would put the other 99% of verb forms into a no-man's-land where no one can say whether they are indicative or subjunctive - particularly because virtually none of the uses of irrealis "were" are mandatory (the main exception being in inverted subordinate clauses: "Were I in New Zealand, I would visit you").
While "was" and "were" are both used to express unreality, "was" is considered less formal, "were" preferable in formal contexts.
A minor point of interest regarding these specific sentences is that usually an unreal past-tense form refers to non-past time (whereas the past perfect is used for unreal reference to past time), but in your examples, the unreal pasts refer to past time. This is noted as an oddity of "as if" sentences by Jesperson (who suggests that for this reason the "was" form is preferable where the verb refers to past time) and Huddleston & Pullum (who say that the past perfect is usually an alternative in such sentences but that either the simple past or the irrealis is much more common). (To complicate matters, some speakers use "as if" plus irrealis even when referring to a real past rather than an unreal one. This is arguably a hypercorrection, and here the past perfect doesn't normally work.)
References: Huddleston & Pullum, Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp1151-3. Jespersen, O., Essentials of English Grammar (Allan and Unwin, 1933; Routledge, 1994), 24.2(7), p257.
