Here are more details:
https://www.ef.edu/english-resources/english-grammar/conditional/
"I will be late, if I ride a bike to work."
This is the type 1 conditional. It is a correct way to express the sentence, and indicates that it's possible and also very likely the condition will be fulfilled, meaning that you have a bike and contemplate riding it to work.
"I will be late, if I rode a bike to work."
Not correct. The main clause is in the future and the conditional is in the past. Fix the problems by changing "will" to "would":
"I would be late, if I rode a bike to work."
This is the type 2 conditional. It is a correct way to express the sentence, and indicates that it's possible but very unlikely the condition will be fulfilled, meaning that you don't really plan on riding a bike to work.
Therefore, with adjustments, both choices could be correct, although they have different meanings.