"Why had you to" or "why did you have to"

Question

I was solving a test on modals and there was the following line:

What was the problem? Why _ leave early?

The proposed fill-in combinations were:

1. had you to
2. did you have to
3. must you
4. you had to

I picked 1 and 2, but the key to the test contained only choice 2.

I've consulted Quirk et al. and it says that in operator constructions (that is, for example, in interrogative sentences, when some auxiliary should be put in the 'operator' position at the beginning of the sentence) 'have to' may be treated either as:

• A 'main verb', which requires DO-support:

Do we have to get up early tomorrow?

• An auxiliary. Here, 'have' itself turns into an operator and participates in subject-operator inversion, so no DO is necessary. He notes that this usage is 'British English, somewhat old-fashioned':

Have we to get up early tomorrow?

Does this mean that "Why had you to leave early?" is also a passable answer?

I've found an instance of "But go on, why had you to go?" in The Good Apprentice by Iris Murdoch.

I'm curious whether any native speaker uses constructions like "Why had you to ..." in real life or is it always "Why did you have to ...".

Answer 1

I can't think of an actual example where I would say "Why had you to ____"

In the question above I would have chosen 2 & 3, both are things I say regularly.

FYI I am also in the USA.

Answer 2

I think it’s a bit mean to exclude a statement like “Why had you to leave early?”, since there is nothing wrong with it technically. After all, it is OK to say “Why had you left early?”.

Reversing the position of the subject and the verb to form a question is a classic form. You won’t see it very much in modern speech — “Went you to the shop?” is perfectly correct, but would come across as archaic to the point of seeming pretentious. You will however, see exactly that sort of thing in literature from a century or more ago, such as in Sherlock Holmes stories.

Ironically, although this form is archaic, it is virtually supplanted by exactly the same thing. We routinely use “have you …” or “did you …” to ask the same question. “Went you … ?” has been replaced with “Did you (go) …” or “Have you (gone) …” which still uses reversal to ask the question. It’s just we have limited what we’re reversing.

The French also routinely reverse subject and verb to ask a question (“Went you”) but also substitute a construction like “Is it that you went?”.

The Japanese just stick a ka after the verb, which simpiflies things temendously.