a
is correct. The verb is at past tense simple - went
- describing an action that happened in the past, and the time is specified in the morning
.
c
is correct. The 1st verb is at past perfect simple - had gone
- describing an action that happened before another past action - you came
.
I would say b
is not correct since both actions are at past tense simple, meaning they would be happening at the same time - which in this case is kind of ambiguous, i went to the market
- i was leaving the house but then you came
- which would imply that we met so I didn't actually reached the market because i met you. As @Maulik V♦ commented out, you could say I was at the market when you came...
which would be perfectly acceptable - both actions could be happening at the same time - i was at the market
and you came
.
b1
is just the same case as b
, doesn't matter if the phrases have been switched around.