It's really confusing when to be sure if the letter g is to be pronounced like giraffe or like girl. Both are followed by i. So how can we know the difference? On the other hand, we have gender and general. So is there a rule?
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the question is broad. there's no one rule you'll have to practise it by reading words that begin with 'g'. – Maulik V♦ Mar 11 '14 at 9:12
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@MaulikV. As usual in English there are lots of exceptions, but there are some broad rules concerning the pronunciation of the letter g and the question is very interesting to deal with. A shame it should be closed. – None Mar 11 '14 at 10:44
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There are two ways to pronounce the letter "g" at the beginning of a syllable.
The hard g /g/
is the most common pronunciation. It comes:
- before a consonant (great)
- before a back vowel (go, garden, get)
- before a front vowel in most words of Germanic origin (girl, gift,...)
- at the end of a word (frog)
The soft g /ʒ/
- It is extremely rare at the beginning of a syllable. The only words I can think of at the moment are
- genre [ʒɒnrə].
- bourgeois [ˈbʊəʒwɑː]
which are both loan words from French that have kept the French sound /ʒ/.
/ʒ/ is a little more common at the end of a word, but there again we only find it in loan words from French (rouge, garage)
/ʒ/ is more frequent in combination with /d/ in /dʒ/
It is the usual pronunciation if "g" is before the letters ‘e’, ‘i’ or ‘y’.- giraffe [dʒɪ'rɑːf]
- gin [dʒɪn]
This is only a general framework to start with and you will find exceptions of course. When you are not sure you can consult a dictionary, even online dictionary will give the IPA phonetic notation.
I've just found this online article Why are there two pronunciations for the letter 'G'? with a little humoristic touch on the pronunciation of GIF.
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3I think it's not very common to call /ʒ/ the "soft g" sound in English. Usually, that term would refer to the affricate [dʒ]. The sound /ʒ/ is only associated with "g" in recent loanwords. Maybe you could flip around the order in which you discuss those two sounds? Otherwise everything in this answer looks good to me. – sumelic Aug 15 '16 at 6:48
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@sumelic I don't quite understand what you are saying (I'm not a professional phonetician), do you mean you would not refer to the /ʒ/ sound (as in beige for example) as a "soft g", but you would not say it is pronounced with a "hard g", would you? I know there would be a lot more to say about the pronunciation of the letter "g" but I suppose at the time I wanted to give a quick answer before the close suggestion became effective. I went from the most common sound to the least common, why do you think would the reverse order would be better? – None Aug 20 '16 at 6:43
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Well, in English, the most common sound is /dʒ/ rather than /ʒ/. That's why I think it would make more sense to start with /dʒ/. I wouldn't say "beige" is pronounced with hard g, but it's not pronounced with a usual English soft g sound either. It's pronounced with a French soft g sound. – sumelic Aug 20 '16 at 6:53
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