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In most sentences that use the word lunch, I found this word does rarely take the definite article the. For example:
I have lunch in three hours.
Shall we go out for lunch?
Let's have some lunch.
I'll take my lunch to school.
But now I wonder if this word really cannot take the definite article, and if it can, in what cases do I use the definite article and in what cases not?
And also, if the word lunch cannot take the definite article, why cannot it have it?
It certainly can take the definite article, just not in the cases you cite. Here's one:
Did you go to the lunch they had for Julie's last day of work?
Or this one:
Are you sure it was the lunch that made you ill?
Or this one, perhaps spoken by a waiter:
Did you find the lunch to your satisfaction?
When you want to refer to a particular lunch, the definite article is employed. That's what it's for, after all. It's the same with other nouns, like soup: "Do you like the soup?" is different from "Do you like soup?" The first references a particular instance of soup—a particular tomato bisque, perhaps, that your host just served you. The second refers to soup in general.
