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Cambridge Dictionary gives this definition about situation
a condition or combination of conditions that exist at a particular time
and gives this example
I was in a situation where I didn’t have cash handy
Given situation refers to a particular time, can I substitute when for where, and get
I was in a situation when I didn’t have cash handy
Yes you can. There are numerous examples of 'situation when' at Google books. But 'situation where' is more common, and using 'when' doesn't change the meaning at all, as far as I can see.
