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What fell there?
or
What has fallen there?
I presume both are correct in AmE.
But I've read in Michael Swan's Practical English Usage that it is preferable to
use Simple Past when we want to identify the person, thing, or circumstance responsible for a present situation
-- namely, some scattered shards of glass in the next room or things of that nature.
Most people would probably ask, "What fell?" If you need to identify the location, you might say, "What fell over there?"
"What has fallen there?" is correct English, but sounds formal or old-fashioned.
