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Test questions (Source: “Quiz your English” - an app by Cambridge):

  1. “When we have been overwhelmed with emails, we wonder ________ we might have missed something important by dealing with them quickly.”

a.weather

b. whether

c.wether

d.if

  1. “A librarian can help you if you are wondering _____ a source has the information you need.”

a. if or whether

b.if or not

c. whether

d. whether or not

Answers:

  1. b – whether
  2. d – whether or not

My question: Why can't we also use the answer “d” in the first question and the answers “a, c” in the second question (by the answer “a” I mean either if or whether)?

P.S. I've heard about the rules governing the usage of “if vs. whether” (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/if-or-whether ), but I'm not sure which one applies here.

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    By analogy with question 2 answer d. I think by answer 2-a they meant this: "... wondering if or whether a source has...", and that would be wrong.
    – Jack O'Flaherty
    Aug 11 '20 at 21:35
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    If and Whether are often used repetitively. Thus, a) is wrong. As for que.1, meanings of the options should get you the answer.
    – Ram Pillai
    Aug 12 '20 at 2:12
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    In 1. both "whether" and "if" are fine, and in 2. "if", "whether" and "whether or not" are all fine. Don't trust the quizz answers! Btw, are you sure you understood the answers correctly?
    – BillJ
    Aug 12 '20 at 14:07
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“When we have been overwhelmed with emails, we wonder whether we might have missed something important by dealing with them quickly.”

In this case, whether and if are interchangeable. In both cases, there are two possible outcomes implied - either we missed something important, or we didn't.

“When we have been overwhelmed with emails, we wonder whether or not we might have missed something important by dealing with them quickly.”

Using whether or not is viable here too. It is equivalent to saying "When we have been overwhelmed with emails, we wonder whether we might have missed something important by dealing with them quickly or not." Instead of implying the two outcomes, they are being explicitly stated.

“A librarian can help you if you are wondering whether a source has the information you need.”

This is actually the same principle as the prior examples. There are two outcomes implied - a source has the information you need, or it doesn't. You can use whether or whether or not interchangeably. The only reason not to use if here is because it was already used earlier in the sentence and would sound unnatural.

An Additional Note

Neither of these examples have both outcomes explicitly stated in the sentence. Take this sentence for example:

We don't know whether Julie will arrive on Monday or Tuesday.

The sentence explicitly states two possibilities, one of which will occur. Julie will either arrive on Monday or Tuesday.

We don't know if Julie will arrive on Monday or Tuesday.

Depending on how this is read, there is now a third option - maybe Julie won't arrive at all.

In this case whether more clearly conveys the intent.

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  • Great answer! Welcome to ELL and thanks for putting in the time and effort!
    – Eddie Kal ♦
    Aug 28 '20 at 5:14
  • @EddieKal Thanks for having me! It's my pleasure :)
    – mjjf
    Aug 28 '20 at 5:18
  • Oops - I accidentally awarded 50 rep to another answer. But I like this one, and if it is possible to reward it, I will gladly do so.
    – Zak
    Aug 31 '20 at 6:23
  • @Zak Unfortunately there is no way anybody can change the bounty reward. That is the rule and when you click the reward I believe you were warned about the rule.
    – Eddie Kal ♦
    Aug 31 '20 at 6:57
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+50

The answer to (1) is incorrect in casual American English. Both whether and if would work there, and if is probably more common. Similarly in the second question, both 'whether' and 'whether or not' would be acceptable in casual speech.

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    Who decides what is correct in casual English?
    – Michael Harvey
    Aug 12 '20 at 6:02
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    In the Old English these two words, being of different origin, carried different meaning: “if” (from “gif” meaning so or if) introduced a condition; “whether” (from “hwæther” which means which of two) introduced an alternative. And indeed, in some cases, using “if” instead of “whether” would be strange: “I'm coming if you like it or not!”;). However if native speakers feel that in most cases “if” and “whether” are interchangeable, then “Vox Populi, Vox Dei”.
    – Zak
    Aug 25 '20 at 14:29
  • @MichaelHarvey (B) in Question #1 is certainly not incorrect in informal AE. We use it all the time.
    – BadZen
    Aug 31 '20 at 0:08
  • @BadZen, if that was a reply to me, I was not saying you can't use 'whether', I was saying that both whether and if were OK.
    – Vaughn Ohlman
    Sep 1 '20 at 20:03
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  1. b and d
  2. c, d or just "if"
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    Hi welcome to ELL! We expect the answers to be detailed and well-explained. Please tell us why you suggested these choices.
    – Eddie Kal ♦
    Aug 30 '20 at 16:09

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