1

I know /z/ is voiced and /s/ is not, but many times I heard /s/ when it should be /z/.

For example, the word "yours", according to IPA, should be pronounced yourz /jɔːz/, but I almost always heard *yours /jɔːs/.

YouTube Video 1

YouTube video 2

Even in dictionary which is supposed to pronounce clearly and properly I'm hearing /s/ rather than /z/:

Yours - Merriam Webster

Another example is this/these, the <s> in "this" is pronounced /s/ while it's pronounced /z/ in "these", but in the dictionary:

This - Merriam Webster

"These" still sounds like /s/ to me. (I could hear it pronounce this & these a little bit different, but they are all within the category of /s/ to me.)

It's really frustrating they keep telling me it should be /z/ but I keep hearing /s/. What happened here?

8
  • 1
    Those dictionary pronunciations all sound correct to me (the two youtube ones are borderline). You may be expecting English speakers to pronounce /s/ and /z/ the same way they are pronounced in your first language. I don't know what your first language is, but it appears that we don't. You need to train your ears to hear the difference between English /s/ and /z/. Aug 21, 2020 at 10:55
  • 1
    What happened here is that you have a hard time distingushing between a voiced consonant and its unvoiced counterpart. There's a bit of a harsh sound to a /z/ compared to /s/, to me a good analogy is the difference between white noise for /z/ and pink noise for /s/. But they're fairly close, and what further confuses the matter is that a lot of speakers will often not fully voice a /z/. Aug 21, 2020 at 11:08
  • 2
    @MichaelHarvey: 'Katz' and 'cats' sound exactly the same to me. Aug 21, 2020 at 11:41
  • 2
    The voice distinction in this position is often less than English speakers think it is; but native English speakers have no difficulty hearing the difference. See this answer to a previous question.
    – Colin Fine
    Aug 21, 2020 at 12:13
  • 1
    Are whores and horse homophones?
    – Void
    Aug 21, 2020 at 13:05

1 Answer 1

3

It's because of terminal devoicing of voiced fricatives.

Daniel Jones in his An Outline to English Phonetics explains that when the phoneme /z/ occurs initially or finally, it's generally partially voiceless.

He says:

When initial, as z in zeal /zi:l/, the sound usually begins without voice and ends with voice; when final, as z in please /pli:z/, the sound usually begins with voice and ends without voice. (Section 788)

He speaks of /ʒ/ also in the same section. He says word final /ʒ/ and /z/ are devoiced towards the end of articulation.

Jones further says that when /z/ is word final and preceded by another consonant, a completely voiced sound is generally used.
So the s in words like beds, sounds, heads etc. resembles a weak s.

Jones says that other voiced fricatives such as /v/ and /ð/ can also get devoiced word finally but not to the same degree as /z/ and /ʒ/.

In summary: According to Jones' observation, /z/ tends to be devoiced by some speakers to a considerate degree in final position and especially when preceded by another consonant.

Quoting from Science Direct:

Voiced fricatives are often taken as an example of sound that is ‘difficult’ to produce. It might therefore be expected that speakers would choose to simplify them. In English, the most common simplification is devoicing, especially for voiced sibilants. The nature of this process was examined in productions of /z/ and /s/ by four speakers of American English. These were recorded in matched word and phrase positions using acoustic, airflow, and electroglottographic (EGG) data. Although many tokens of /z/ showed little or no vocal fold vibration in the EGG signal, durational and aerodynamic differences maintained the distinction between /z/ and /s/.


For example the word "yours", according to IPA, should be pronounced as your"z", but I almost always heard your"s".
It's really frustrating they keep telling me it should be "z" but I keep hearing "s", what happened here?

They will tell you that the sound at the end is voiced. In fact, when it's not followed by a voiced sound, it's usually partially (and sometimes completely) devoiced.

Also note that when you're transcribing a devoiced /z/ sound, make sure you write a small round circle under the 'z' i.e. [z̥]. This small circle indicates 'devoicing'.

0

You must log in to answer this question.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged .