For example:
- "He was punished for what he did to his brother."
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Parse
He was punished for//what he did to his brother.
The verb punish here takes the preposition for.
"what he did to his brother" is a noun clause used as a direct object of punished for.
He was asked about//what he did for his brother. He denied //what he did to his brother.
Same idea.
I don't think this is anything adverbial per se.