Example Sentence:
They believed the bridge was constructed badly. ⇒ The bridge was believed to [be/have been] constructed badly.
Which should I use in this case, "to be" or "to have been"?
I found different answers from different sources and was taught differently by different teachers.
Some say that if event reported in question uses any form of the past, one should use the perfect to-infinitive, aka. the present perfect. This is a source I found which supports this rule, and my school did as well as this was a question on a test; to which the answer was "to have been"
On the other hand, some teachers taught me that if the event and the reporting happened in the same time frame or the event reported happened later than the reporting act (as this sentence clearly demonstrates since both clauses are in the same tense — the past simple), one should use the present to-infinitive, aka. the unconjugated present simple; in this case "to be". An example of this is a YouTube Video I found aimed at Russian viewers learning English.
So which is it should I use (note that I was taught differently by different teachers rather than relying solely on the Internet)? And is there a rule that I can use the next time I encounter these types of questions? I have always wondered about this but couldn't get one definitive answer. Any and all answers would be greatly appreciated. Thanks a lot in advance!