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Can I say " The girl is more short than the boy " and when can I use more with short adjective?

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You can, but it is not idiomatic, and hearers will either wonder why, or will assume that you are not a native speaker.

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Most common adjectives have their own comparative and superlative forms : Short, shorter, shortest - big, bigger, biggest and so on. You only need to use more with adjectives that don't, for instance more unusual rather than 'unusualler', which isn't a proper word.

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You can use more with short adjectives if more also modifies an adjective that doesn't take -er, as in more silent and sad. (You can also say more silent and sadder.)

There are also a few one-syllable adjectives that form their comparatives with more – the most common are probably fun, real, wrong, and right. The comparatives funner, realer, wronger, and righter are only used rarely, and many people will perceive them as incorrect, although they will understand them.

But aside from these exceptions, we generally use more only with adjectives that are two syllables and longer, and use -er with one-syllable adjectives.

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