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In the dictionary,
ransom: money that is paid to somebody so that they will set free a person who is being kept as a prisoner by them
It seems like "ransom" is for people, for example, "They kidnapped the kid for ransom".
Now, a man stole a "17th century vase" but he didn't want to sell it but called the owner of the vase and asked for a ransom.
Is it correct to say "he stole an antique for ransom"?
It's not wrong to say "stole (something) for ransom" but a much more common phrasing is to say that it was stolen, and held for ransom; held is by far the most common collocation with ransom, so anything else sounds unusual.
Ransom is usually applied to humans, but not always: Cambridge dictionary says
a sum of money demanded in exchange for someone or something that has been taken
Ransom is so normally applied only to people that anything else sounds strange; Ngrams doesn't even list "it" as a common object of was held for ransom or was ransomed.
But you can find it being used for other objects:
Bounce house company owner says thieves stole equipment, holding it for ransom
In conclusion: Yes, you can use ransom with objects, but the more common phrasing is "held for ransom", not "stolen for ransom".
