It depends on what tense you want to use. If you want to talk about the goals of the plan, you can use "would make". You can only use "made" if the plan succeeded, since "made" makes the sentence a statement of fact. If you want to use "would make" to describe the future in the past, it's probably better to refer to "the plan" instead of "a plan".
There are two problems with the sentence as-is:
"He put a plan that..." is not a correct use of "put".
"...the idea that they are unbeatable" uses the wrong verb tense.
Here are some correct options:
He put forth a plan that would make Israel surrender and remove the idea that they were unbeatable. [Corrected version of the original sentence.]
He put forth a plan that would later make Israel surrender and remove the idea that they were unbeatable. [Less ambiguous: If you want to use the future in the past tense.]
He put forth a plan whose goal was to make Israel surrender and remove the idea that they were unbeatable. [Less ambiguous: If you want to describe the goals of the plan.]
He put forth a plan that was supposed to make Israel surrender and remove the idea that they were unbeatable. [If you want to describe the goals of the plan, and these goals were not achieved. This implies either failure or much greater success.]
He put forth the plan that made Israel surrender and removed the idea that they were unbeatable. [If the plan succeeded, and was the main factor in the success.]
He put forth a plan that helped make Israel surrender and remove the idea that they were unbeatable. [If the plan succeeded, and other factors were also important in the success.]