Is this sentence correct?
The man died in less than a month since the start of his fast.
No, it's incorrect. It should be something like this:
The man died less than a month from the start of his fast.
You can say:
It's been less than a month since he began his fast, but he's died.
He died less than a month from the beginning of his fast.
In less than a month from the beginning of his fast, he died.
Since [time reference, not synonymous with because] he began his fast, he's had heart trouble, stomach problems, and psychological traumas.
Since is a difficult word for EFL students to use properly. This link gives some good examples of proper usage.
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2+1, excellent answer; the alternative forms you wrote are exemplary. – user114 May 18 '13 at 8:50
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You should explain that "since" is used with an ongoing action which began at the time named while "from" is used for a short completed action which began after the delay named. – David42 Aug 26 '16 at 14:43
