The conditional perfect, would have, refers to a missed opportunity or unfulfilled desired in the past.Note that this is often followed by an reason.For example:

1. I would have completed my graduation. (Reason:If i hadn't faced a financial situation. )

2.I would have complex my project.(Reason:but there was no electricity)

"Would like " is used to mean "want"(It refers to desire) in a polite way.For example:

I would like to drink coffee.(It refers to present desire of the speaker.)

I would have liked drink coffee.(It refers to the past desire of the speaker which wasn't fulfilled)


Would have liked also carries a sense of a past intention.For example:

If there had been a piece of cake, I would have liked it.(I would have liked means here refers to his intention,If there had been a cake in past)
There is a piece of cake, I would like it (It refers to the present desire of the speaker)

See http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/would-like
See https://www.grammarly.com/answers/questions/1559-i-would-like-or-i-would-want/