3
English does not work like that. Each word has its own usage that you will need to learn. I suspect that all languages are like that, but I could be wrong because I do not know them all.
1
Mm, good question. "It" here is referring to the general state of existence, a sort of placeholder for large unwieldy concepts like the tides or life and the universe, or a sort of restructuring of the sentence for a different emphasis.
Without the placeholders I might write those sentences like this:
The moisture in the air precipitates and ...
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