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1- This is the person for whom I have been looking. (I have been looking for someone and this person is the one.)

2- People will now vote for whom they are told, forced to vote by people who have a hold over them. (People will now vote for someone because people are told to vote for that person.)


I feel like these two usages of "for whom" are not exactly the same.

I think in the first sentence I can replace the "for" as in:
1a- This is the person whom I have been looking for.

As for the second sentence, I don't think I can replace it as I just did to the first one. I think in the second sentence "for" have to be placed right next to the "vote" they are a compound phrase- "vote for"

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This is the person I have been looking for.

Right.

This is the person whom I have been looking for.

"whom" is not really required here, but ok. In casual speech, most people would say "who" because the word "whom" is progressing towards obsolescence.

This is the person for whom I have been looking.

Sounds unusual. Not a typical phrasing.

People will now vote for whom they are told

Ok

As for the second sentence, I don't think I can replace it

You have not written an example sentence 2a which we can comment on. But yes - "vote for" does go together. You can't re-order it like "vote him for".

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