I would call it "career development training" or "skills development training". The term "course" or "programme" could also be used instead of "training".
From mbaskool.com
Career development is the series of activities or the on-going/lifelong process of developing one’s career. Career development usually refers to managing one’s career in an intra-organizational or inter-organizational scenario. It involves training on new skills, moving to higher job responsibilities, making a career change within the same organization, moving to a different organization or starting one’s own business.
From td.org:
Your company can develop its own unique career development programs to increase employee retention—and hopefully increase productivity and profits
From learn.org:
Many employers include career development training in their benefits packages, giving employees the opportunity to further their professional education and advance their skills.
From Abundant Sun:
we have carefully developed a suite of personal skills development programmes to help employers assist their employees to overcome career barriers and reach more senior levels in their respective organisations.