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I'm familiar with this construction below:

preposition + which .... (1)

If I'm not mistaken,that formula is for replacing the words "where" and "when" (I don't recall the detail, I read it in a grammar book and sorry I couldn't mention the title, I forgot).

Now, coming to my question, can we use preposition before "who"? For instance, is it correct to say:

It's important not to raise your voice on who you're speaking.

Although, I'm not sure if that "on who" has another meaning just like the construction (1) does. I made it up by the way, the sentence.

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  • Are you just asking about "is there ever a case where we can use a preposition before who" or are you asking "should it be preposition + whom instead?" Because there are lots of examples of "preposition + whom".
    – stangdon
    Commented Jul 29, 2021 at 15:18
  • @stangdon I'm asking about "preposition+who"
    – user516076
    Commented Jul 29, 2021 at 15:30
  • 1
    Your version is idiomatically invalid. It's important not to raise your voice to whoever you're speaking to (there might still be a few pedants arguing for whomever there, but they're a dying breed! :) Generally speaking, usages like I'll dance with who I want would be considered awkward and/or ignorant compared to I'll dance with who[m]ever I want.
    – FumbleFingers
    Commented Jul 29, 2021 at 17:21
  • Here's an interesting usage chart showing that only the first of I'll dance WITH whoever I want, who I want, whomever I want, whom I want occurs often enough to show on the chart.
    – FumbleFingers
    Commented Jul 29, 2021 at 17:29

1 Answer 1

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The general rule is:

Who should be used to refer to the subject of a sentence.
Whom should be used to refer to the object of a verb or preposition.

e.g.

  • I know who your best friend is! (He/she is your best friend. Not *him/her is your best friend).
  • With whom am I speaking? (I am speaking with him/her. Not I am speaking *with he/she) (IELTSsite)

Having said that, I cannot omit the fact that whom is considered formal, and in spoken language especially, people just say who:

Who are you going to call?

sounds fine to most ears, although the correct (considered perhaps hypercorrect by some) pronoun should be whom.

Also, when the verb of the sentence is followed by a preposition, you often hear such questions as:

Who are you working for? Who is he waiting for?

The formal way to ask these questions is to start with the preposition, in which case whom is strongly recommended straight after:

For whom are you working?

So if the preposition precedes the pronoun, who does sound incorrect. If the preposition is somewhere else in the sentence, who is actually more common.

As for your sentence, it does not make sense. I am just guessing what you want to say, so it could be something like:

It's important not to raise your voice to the person (whom/ who) you are speaking to.

To raise one's voice (to someone) is an idiom.

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