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I am wondering if word translated can be used as adjective in the following example.

I have a translated document.

For me this sounds completely fine, but dictionaries do not provide word translated as adjective like here and here.

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    Obviously, it's fine as you said. Check out this Google Ngram result.
    – Damkerng T.
    Commented Sep 23, 2014 at 11:00
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    Why do dictionaries not list the word as an adjective? Because the past participle of ANY verb can be used adjectivally. Diced onion. Newly washed car. A blackened reputation.
    – TimR
    Commented Sep 23, 2014 at 12:54

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Translate is a verb. In your example, it is acting as an adjective. For example:

"He translated the book." - verb
"This is the translated edition." - adjective

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Participles are used as adjectives, both the present participle and the past participle. Translated is the past participle of translate, so it can be used as adjective too.

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