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*That feeling you get when your kid won't let you do your housework.

Me stressed at the thought of tonights traffic.*

What do we call these types of sentences that commonly come with a picture or something that exaggerates a given situation.

And would the information after the comma be an absolute phrase here?

Sarah was miserable untill she met Steven, a salesman who visits a company that makes your dreams a reality in this fantasy story which takes place on another planet.

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These are all noun phrases, headed respectively by feeling, me, and salesman. Everything else in them is either a determiner (that, ∅†, a) or a clausal modifier of the head: a reduced relative clause in the first, a participle clause in the second, and a frank relative clause in the third.

†me is a pronoun, which is a sort of 'self-determined' noun; you might look at it as a 'fusion' of head and a null-determiner

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  • What about this example:UK elections will be unfavourable, senior politicians have warned.
    – bluebell1
    Commented Oct 27, 2018 at 18:37
  • The first clause is internally a content clause and externally a complement of warn. In this fronted position it may represent an actual quotation or it may be a subordinate clause with the subordinator that omitted.
    – StoneyB on hiatus
    Commented Oct 27, 2018 at 18:49

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