What is the name of the steel guard in this image?

Question

What is the name of the steel guard marked by cross in the below image?

What is the name of the thing that this bike is locked to?

Answer 1

I would call the first image a railing, or a handrail.

• railing
  a fencelike barrier composed of one or more horizontal rails supported by widely spaced uprights; balustrade.
• handrail
  a rail serving as a support or guard at the side of a stairway, platform, etc.

(Dictionary.com)

The second one, I would call it a rack, or a bike rack. It could also be called a stand.

A bicycle parking rack, usually shortened to bike rack and also called a bicycle stand, is a device to which bicycles can be securely attached for parking purposes.
(Wikipedia)

Wikipedia has a few specific names, like U-rack. It says the variant names are Staple and Sheffield rack.